"Self-sensing pumps and highly efficiency motors of ECM design will be reviewed for applications and delivering highest efficiency. Specifically: 1) self-sensing and how it works to minimize pump energy, 2) effects of variable flow pumps on efficiency and balancing, 3) pros and cons to controlling on temperature or pressure differential, and 4) DOE and ASHRAE activities on pump regulations and performance. Case studies will be used to illustrate best practices, efficiency, savings and lessons from the field. "