As the pursuit for carbon neutral buildings accelerates, it is becoming increasingly clear that the GHG impacts from refrigerants and embodied carbon are growing in importance relative to those from operational energy. Yet, even accounting at the time of design only for the GHG impact of operational energy over the life of a building is a major challenge, due especially to the changing nature of grid-delivered electricity. This session first will examine the debate over accounting for GHG impacts of operational energy to comply with new construction codes and building performance standards. Building upon those issues of measurement, the session will then explore how GHG accounting for refrigerants and embodied carbon are starting to appear in policies and standards on a basis equivalent to operational energy.