In addition to these key attributes, it is the only insulation on the market that checks all the boxes for locking up carbon, is low in embodied energy, made with no fossil fuel materials, and does not use fossil fuel-based materials in its wall assembly. Moreover, it does not contribute to landfills, is recyclable, and non-toxic, and therefore has a low impact Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Industrial hemp is one of the few crops that can feed, clothe, and shelter us – and be grown globally; no other crop can match its list of uses. Hemp-lime is created in part from hemp hurd. Hemp is a rapidly renewable sustainable material, locking in over 6 tons or more of carbon per acre. While the processing of limestone to make the lime binder requires significant energy, the lime portion of the mix absorbs free carbon from the atmosphere as it cures, which results in an insulation that has an overall negative carbon footprint. As a hygroscopic and vapor permeable insulation, hemp-lime can be cast into a construction frame, made into blocks, panels, or sprayed onto a masonry wall. Additionally, as a hygrothermal material with low thermal conductivity, hemp-lime can buffer significant amounts of moisture, remain stable temperature-wise, and is not susceptible to interior temperature swing variations like other types of insulation. It has a high thermal mass (or thermal inertia) compared to other insulations, meaning it can store large amounts of thermal energy and has thermodynamic properties that dampen or stabilize the interior temperature and improve relative humidity of interiors over time. During the winter, hemp-lime stores the energy from heated spaces (as in specific heat), providing indoor relative humidity within the optimal range of 40-60% relative humidity thanks to its moisture buffering capacity. During the summer, due to its low thermal conductivity, the interior temperature of the bio-composite material remains stable while releasing humidity into the interior keeping it cool. Hempcrete buildings provide excellent IAQ both by regulating humidity, and also because they are free of hazardous chemical emissions. Due to its vapor permeable characteristics, occupants of hempcrete buildings comment positively on its excellent indoor climate. In the European context, hemp-lime has tested favorably for its reaction and resistance to fire. In the U.S. context, it has passed the ASTM E84 and the ASTM E119 without the non-combustible lime plaster finish layers. Hemp-lime’s acoustic attributes are particularly beneficial in urban settings. We will introduce 5-7 case studies (multi-family or commercial buildings 6-12 stories) in England, France, Italy, and South Africa.